Description

Segment 1: Introduction to PostgreSQL Server
I. Introduction to PostgreSQL Server
PostgreSQL, often referred to as Postgres, is an advanced, open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that supports both SQL and JSON querying. It is known for its stability, scalability, and a robust feature set that rivals commercial databases.
II. Features of PostgreSQL Server
• ACID Compliance: Ensures reliable transactions.
• Advanced Indexing: Supports B-tree, hash, GiST, SP-GiST, GIN, and BRIN indexes.
• Full-Text Search: Powerful search capabilities over text data.
• Extensibility: Supports custom functions and data types.
• JSON Support: Allows storage and querying of JSON data.
• MVCC: Multi-Version Concurrency Control for high concurrent transactions.
• Replication: Supports both synchronous and asynchronous replication.
• Security: Comprehensive access control and encryption options.
Segment 2: Postgres Client-Server Architecture
I. Client-Server Architecture
PostgreSQL operates on a client-server model where:
• Clients: Applications or tools that interact with the database.
• Server: The PostgreSQL instance that processes queries and manages data storage.
II. Utility Processes
• Postmaster: Main PostgreSQL server process.
• Autovacuum Daemon: Automatically handles vacuuming to reclaim storage.
• Background Writer: Writes dirty buffers to disk.
• WAL Writer: Writes the Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) data to disk.
• Archiver: Archives WAL files when in archive mode.
• Checkpointer: Ensures data consistency by writing data to disk.
III. Shared Memory Module
PostgreSQL uses shared memory for:
• Buffer Cache: Stores frequently accessed data.
• WAL Buffers: Buffers for WAL data before writing to disk.
• Lock Table: Manages locking mechanisms.
• Statistics Collector: Gathers and reports database activity statistics.
Segment 3: Installation of PostgreSQL Server
I. Install the PostgreSQL Server
• Installation Methods: Using package managers (e.g., apt, yum), source code compilation, or installers for specific OS.
II. Setting Environment Variables
• PATH: Add PostgreSQL binaries to the system PATH.
• PGDATA: Specifies the location of the database cluster.
III. Creating a Cluster
• Initialize Database Cluster: initdb command to create a new PostgreSQL cluster.
IV. Running Server Module
• Starting Server: Use pg_ctl or service commands to start PostgreSQL.
Segment 4: PostgreSQL Client
I. Introduction to PSQL
• PSQL: Command-line interface for interacting with PostgreSQL.
II. Meta Commands, SQL Queries, and Parameters
• Meta Commands: PSQL-specific commands (e.g., \l, \d).
• SQL Queries: Standard SQL for data manipulation and queries.
• Parameters: Configuration and runtime parameters.